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+=======================================================+
+ i.MX6, i.MX7 U-Boot Secure Boot guide using HABv4 +
+=======================================================+
1. HABv4 secure boot process
-----------------------------
This document describes a step-by-step procedure on how to sign and securely
boot an U-Boot image for non-SPL targets. It is assumed that the reader is
familiar with basic HAB concepts and with the PKI tree generation.
Details about HAB can be found in the application note AN4581[1] and in the
introduction_habv4.txt document.
1.1 Building a u-boot-dtb.imx image supporting secure boot
-----------------------------------------------------------
The U-Boot provides support to secure boot configuration and also provide
access to the HAB APIs exposed by the ROM vector table, the support is
enabled by selecting the CONFIG_IMX_HAB option.
When built with this configuration, the U-Boot provides extra functions for
HAB, such as the HAB status logs retrievement through the hab_status command
and support for extending the root of trust.
The U-Boot also correctly pads the final image by aligning to the next 0xC00
address, so the CSF signature data generated by CST can be concatenated to
image.
The diagram below illustrate a signed u-boot-dtb.imx image layout:
------- +-----------------------------+ <-- *start
^ | Image Vector Table |
| +-----------------------------+ <-- *boot_data
| | Boot Data |
| +-----------------------------+ <-- *dcd
| | DCD Table |
| +-----------------------------+
Signed | | Padding |
Data | +-----------------------------+ <-- *entry
| | |
| | |
| | u-boot-dtb.bin |
| | |
| | |
| +-----------------------------+
v | Padding |
------- +-----------------------------+ <-- *csf
| |
| Command Sequence File (CSF) |
| |
+-----------------------------+
| Padding (optional) |
+-----------------------------+
1.2 Enabling the secure boot support
-------------------------------------
The first step is to generate an U-Boot image supporting the HAB features
mentioned above, this can be achieved by adding CONFIG_IMX_HAB to the
build configuration:
- Defconfig:
CONFIG_IMX_HAB=y
- Kconfig:
ARM architecture -> Support i.MX HAB features
1.3 Creating the CSF description file
--------------------------------------
The CSF contains all the commands that the HAB executes during the secure
boot. These commands instruct the HAB on which memory areas of the image
to authenticate, which keys to install, use and etc.
CSF examples are available under doc/imx/habv4/csf_examples/ directory.
A build log containing the "Authenticate Data" parameters is available after
the U-Boot build, the example below is a log for mx7dsabresd_defconfig target:
- mkimage build log:
$ cat u-boot-dtb.imx.log
Image Type: Freescale IMX Boot Image
Image Ver: 2 (i.MX53/6/7 compatible)
Mode: DCD
Data Size: 667648 Bytes = 652.00 KiB = 0.64 MiB
Load Address: 877ff420
Entry Point: 87800000
HAB Blocks: 0x877ff400 0x00000000 0x0009ec00
^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^
| | |
| | ------- (1)
| |
| ------------------ (2)
|
----------------------------- (3)
(1) Size of area in file u-boot-dtb.imx to sign.
This area should include the IVT, the Boot Data the DCD
and the U-Boot itself.
(2) Start of area in u-boot-dtb.imx to sign.
(3) Start of area in RAM to authenticate.
- In "Authenticate Data" CSF command users can copy and past the output
addresses:
Block = 0x877ff400 0x00000000 0x0009ec00 "u-boot-dtb.imx"
1.4 Signing the U-Boot binary
------------------------------
The CST tool is used for signing the U-Boot binary and generating a CSF binary,
users should input the CSF description file created in the step above and
should receive a CSF binary, which contains the CSF commands, SRK table,
signatures and certificates.
- Create CSF binary file:
$ ./cst -i csf_uboot.txt -o csf_uboot.bin
- Append CSF signature to the end of U-Boot image:
$ cat u-boot-dtb.imx csf_uboot.bin > u-boot-signed.imx
The u-boot-signed.imx is the signed binary and should be flashed into the boot
media.
- Flash signed U-Boot binary:
$ sudo dd if=u-boot-signed.imx of=/dev/sd<x> bs=1K seek=1 && sync
1.5 Programming SRK Hash
-------------------------
As explained in AN4581[1] and in introduction_habv4.txt document the SRK Hash
fuse values are generated by the srktool and should be programmed in the
SoC SRK_HASH[255:0] fuses.
Be careful when programming these values, as this data is the basis for the
root of trust. An error in SRK Hash results in a part that does not boot.
The U-Boot fuse tool can be used for programming eFuses on i.MX SoCs.
- Dump SRK Hash fuses values in host machine:
$ hexdump -e '/4 "0x"' -e '/4 "%X""\n"' SRK_1_2_3_4_fuse.bin
0x20593752
0x6ACE6962
0x26E0D06C
0xFC600661
0x1240E88F
0x1209F144
0x831C8117
0x1190FD4D
- Program SRK_HASH[255:0] fuses, using i.MX6 series as example:
=> fuse prog 3 0 0x20593752
=> fuse prog 3 1 0x6ACE6962
=> fuse prog 3 2 0x26E0D06C
=> fuse prog 3 3 0xFC600661
=> fuse prog 3 4 0x1240E88F
=> fuse prog 3 5 0x1209F144
=> fuse prog 3 6 0x831C8117
=> fuse prog 3 7 0x1190FD4D
The table below lists the SRK_HASH bank and word according to the i.MX device:
+-------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| | i.MX6 Series | i.MX7D/S | i.MX7ULP |
+-------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| SRK_HASH[31:00] | bank 3 word 0 | bank 6 word 0 | bank 5 word 0 |
+-------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| SRK_HASH[63:32] | bank 3 word 1 | bank 6 word 1 | bank 5 word 1 |
+-------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| SRK_HASH[95:64] | bank 3 word 2 | bank 6 word 2 | bank 5 word 2 |
+-------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| SRK_HASH[127:96] | bank 3 word 3 | bank 6 word 3 | bank 5 word 3 |
+-------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| SRK_HASH[159:128] | bank 3 word 4 | bank 7 word 0 | bank 5 word 4 |
+-------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| SRK_HASH[191:160] | bank 3 word 5 | bank 7 word 1 | bank 5 word 5 |
+-------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| SRK_HASH[223:192] | bank 3 word 6 | bank 7 word 2 | bank 5 word 6 |
+-------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| SRK_HASH[255:224] | bank 3 word 7 | bank 7 word 3 | bank 5 word 7 |
+-------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
1.6 Verifying HAB events
-------------------------
The next step is to verify that the signature attached to U-Boot is
successfully processed without errors. HAB generates events when processing
the commands if it encounters issues.
The hab_status U-Boot command call the hab_report_event() and hab_status()
HAB API functions to verify the processor security configuration and status.
This command displays any events that were generated during the process.
Prior to closing the device users should ensure no HAB events were found, as
the example below:
- Verify HAB events:
=> hab_status
Secure boot disabled
HAB Configuration: 0xf0, HAB State: 0x66
No HAB Events Found!
1.6.1 Verifying HAB events in i.MX7ULP
---------------------------------------
When booting i.MX7ULP in low power or dual boot modes the M4 binary is
authenticated by an independent HAB in M4 ROM code using a
different SRK key set.
The U-Boot provides a M4 option in hab_status command so users can retrieve
M4 HAB failure and warning events.
- Verify HAB M4 events:
=> hab_status m4
Secure boot disabled
HAB Configuration: 0xf0, HAB State: 0x66
No HAB Events Found!
As HAB M4 API cannot be called from A7 core the command is parsing the M4 HAB
persistent memory region, M4 software should not modify this reserved region.
Details about HAB persistent memory region can be found in AN12263[2].
1.7 Closing the device
-----------------------
After the device successfully boots a signed image without generating any HAB
events, it is safe to close the device. This is the last step in the HAB
process, and is achieved by programming the SEC_CONFIG[1] fuse bit.
Once the fuse is programmed, the chip does not load an image that has not been
signed using the correct PKI tree.
- Program SEC_CONFIG[1] fuse, using i.MX6 series as example:
=> fuse prog 0 6 0x00000002
The table below list the SEC_CONFIG[1] bank and word according to the i.MX
device:
+--------------+-----------------+------------+
| Device | Bank and Word | Value |
+--------------+-----------------+------------+
| i.MX6 Series | bank 0 word 6 | 0x00000002 |
+--------------+-----------------+------------+
| i.MX7D/S | bank 1 word 3 | 0x02000000 |
+--------------+-----------------+------------+
| i.MX7ULP | bank 29 word 6 | 0x80000000 |
+--------------+-----------------+------------+
1.8 Completely secure the device
---------------------------------
Additional fuses can be programmed for completely secure the device, more
details about these fuses and their possible impact can be found at AN4581[1].
- Program SRK_LOCK, using i.MX6 series as example:
=> fuse prog 0 0 0x4000
- Program DIR_BT_DIS, using i.MX6 series as example:
=> fuse prog 0 6 0x8
- Program SJC_DISABLE, using i.MX6 series as example:
=> fuse prog 0 6 0x100000
- JTAG_SMODE, using i.MX6 series as example:
=> fuse prog 0 6 0xC00000
The table below list the SRK_LOCK, DIR_BT_DIS, SJC_DISABLE, and JTAG_SMODE bank
and word according to the i.MX device:
+--------------+---------------+------------+
| Device | Bank and Word | Value |
+--------------+---------------+------------+
| SRK_LOCK |
+-------------------------------------------+
| i.MX6 Series | bank 0 word 0 | 0x00004000 |
+--------------+---------------+------------+
| i.MX7D/S | bank 0 word 0 | 0x00000200 |
+--------------+---------------+------------+
| i.MX7ULP | bank 1 word 1 | 0x00000080 |
+--------------+---------------+------------+
| DIR_BT_DIS |
+-------------------------------------------+
| i.MX6 Series | bank 0 word 6 | 0x00000008 |
+--------------+---------------+------------+
| i.MX7D/S | bank 1 word 3 | 0x08000000 |
+--------------+---------------+------------+
| i.MX7ULP | bank 1 word 1 | 0x00002000 |
+--------------+---------------+------------+
| SJC_DISABLE |
+-------------------------------------------+
| i.MX6 Series | bank 0 word 6 | 0x00100000 |
+--------------+---------------+------------+
| i.MX7D/S | bank 1 word 3 | 0x00200000 |
+--------------+---------------+------------+
| i.MX7ULP | bank 1 word 1 | 0x00000020 |
+--------------+---------------+------------+
| JTAG_SMODE |
+-------------------------------------------+
| i.MX6 Series | bank 0 word 6 | 0x00C00000 |
+--------------+---------------+------------+
| i.MX7D/S | bank 1 word 3 | 0x00C00000 |
+--------------+---------------+------------+
| i.MX7ULP | bank 1 word 1 | 0x000000C0 |
+--------------+---------------+------------+
2. Extending the root of trust
-------------------------------
The High Assurance Boot (HAB) code located in the on-chip ROM provides an
Application Programming Interface (API) making it possible to call back
into the HAB code for authenticating additional boot images.
The U-Boot supports this feature and can be used to authenticate the Linux
Kernel Image.
The process of signing an additional image is similar to the U-Boot.
The diagram below illustrate the zImage layout:
------- +-----------------------------+ <-- *load_address
^ | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | zImage |
Signed | | |
Data | | |
| | |
| +-----------------------------+
| | Padding Next Boundary |
| +-----------------------------+ <-- *ivt
v | Image Vector Table |
------- +-----------------------------+ <-- *csf
| |
| Command Sequence File (CSF) |
| |
+-----------------------------+
| Padding (optional) |
+-----------------------------+
2.1 Padding the image
----------------------
The zImage must be padded to the next boundary address (0x1000), for instance
if the image size is 0x649920 it must be padded to 0x64A000.
The tool objcopy can be used for padding the image.
- Pad the zImage:
$ objcopy -I binary -O binary --pad-to 0x64A000 --gap-fill=0x00 \
zImage zImage_pad.bin
2.2 Generating Image Vector Table
----------------------------------
The HAB code requires an Image Vector Table (IVT) for determining the image
length and the CSF location. Since zImage does not include an IVT this has
to be manually created and appended to the end of the padded zImage, the
script genIVT.pl in script_examples directory can be used as reference.
- Generate IVT:
$ genIVT.pl
Note: The load Address may change depending on the device.
- Append the ivt.bin at the end of the padded zImage:
$ cat zImage_pad.bin ivt.bin > zImage_pad_ivt.bin
2.3 Signing the image
----------------------
A CSF file has to be created to sign the image. HAB does not allow to change
the SRK once the first image is authenticated, so the same SRK key used in
U-Boot must be used when extending the root of trust.
CSF examples are available in ../csf_examples/additional_images/
directory.
- Create CSF binary file:
$ ./cst --i csf_additional_images.txt --o csf_zImage.bin
- Attach the CSF binary to the end of the image:
$ cat zImage_pad_ivt.bin csf_zImage.bin > zImage_signed.bin
2.4 Verifying HAB events
-------------------------
The U-Boot includes the hab_auth_img command which can be used for
authenticating and troubleshooting the signed image, zImage must be
loaded at the load address specified in the IVT.
- Authenticate additional image:
=> hab_auth_img <Load Address> <Image Size> <IVT Offset>
If no HAB events were found the zImage is successfully signed.
References:
[1] AN4581: "Secure Boot on i.MX 50, i.MX 53, i.MX 6 and i.MX 7 Series using
HABv4" - Rev 2.
[2] AN12263: "HABv4 RVT Guidelines and Recommendations" - Rev 0.
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